1/8/2023 0 Comments Genodive windows![]() vesiculosus demonstrate that intraspecific differences can influence the properties of populations with consequential effects on the whole ecosystem. The divergent genetic characteristics of F. Gene flow within and between the forms differed, with barriers to gene flow occurring between forms at various spatial scales due to the reproductive modes employed by individuals of each form. Asexual reproduction was ubiquitous in the free-living form despite being almost entirely absent in the attached form, while signals of polyploidy were common in both forms despite the distinct reproductive modes. Here we demonstrate that sympatric populations representing the two forms display marked differences in characteristics of reproduction and genetic diversity. Using microsatellite genotyping, we characterize patterns underlying the genetic heterogeneity in marine macroalga Fucus vesiculosus, with a particular focus on two forms: attached and free-living. Species are heterogeneous, often defined by variability at a range of scales including at the genetic, individual and population level. Genetic characteristics of populations can have substantial impacts on the adaptive potential of a species. GenoDive is available for computers running Mac OS X 10.7 or higher and can be downloaded freely from. In addition, GenoDive makes it possible to run several external programs (LFMM, Structure, Instruct, and vegan) directly from its own user interface, avoiding the need for data reformatting and use of the command line. A unique feature of GenoDive is that it can also open datasets with non‐genetic variables, for example environmental data or geographical coordinates that can be included in the analysis. The different types of analyses offered by GenoDive include multiple statistics for estimating population differentiation (φST, FST, FʹST, GST, GʹST, GʹʹST, Dest, RST, ρ), AMOVA‐based K‐means clustering, Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium, hybrid index, population assignment, clone assignment, Mantel test, Spatial Autocorrelation, 23 ways of calculating genetic distances, and both PCA and PCoA. One major feature of GenoDive is that it supports both diploid and polyploid data, up to octaploidy (2n=8x) for some analyses, but up to hexadecaploidy (2n=16x) for other analyses. Furthermore, GenoDive seamlessly supports 15 different file formats for importing or exporting data from or to other programs. GenoDive has an intuitive Graphical User Interface that allows direct manipulation of the data though transformation, imputation of missing data, and excluding and including individuals, population and/or loci. This version presents a major update from the previous version and now offers a wide spectrum of different types of analyses. 3.0, is a user‐friendly program for the analysis of population genetic data. genodive is available for computers running Mac OS X 10.7 or higher and can be downloaded freely from. In addition, genodive makes it possible to run several external programs ( lfmm, structure, instruct and vegan) directly from its own user interface, avoiding the need for data reformatting and use of the command line. A unique feature of genodive is that it can also open data sets with nongenetic variables, for example environmental data or geographical coordinates that can be included in the analysis. The different types of analyses offered by genodive include multiple statistics for estimating population differentiation ( φ ST, F ST, Fʹ ST, G ST, Gʹ ST, Gʹʹ ST, D est, R ST, ρ), analysis of molecular variance-based K-means clustering, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, hybrid index, population assignment, clone assignment, Mantel test, Spatial Autocorrelation, 23 ways of calculating genetic distances, and both principal components and principal coordinates analyses. One major feature of genodive is that it supports both diploid and polyploid data, up to octaploidy (2 n = 8 x) for some analyses, but up to hexadecaploidy (2 n = 16 x) for other analyses. Furthermore, genodive seamlessly supports 15 different file formats for importing or exporting data from or to other programs. genodive has an intuitive graphical user interface that allows direct manipulation of the data through transformation, imputation of missing data, and exclusion and inclusion of individuals, population and/or loci. Genodive version 3.0 is a user-friendly program for the analysis of population genetic data.
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